Haplophryne mollis

Common Name

Ghostly Seadevil

Year Described

Brauer, 1902

Identification

Dorsal Fin: 3 (rarely 4)
Anal Fin: 3 (rarely 4)
Pectoral Fin: 15-16
Caudal Fin: 2 simple + 4 branched + 3 simple (last short)
Branchiostegal Rays: 5 (rarely 4)

Females: Body nearly globular with a huge head. Mouth large and oblique with small teeth in several rows. Vomerine teeth absent. Eye well developed. Head with strong sphenotic spine. Spines on quadrate and articular absent. A strong spine with multiple tips on preopercular edge. Illicium absent, with pterygiophore almost completely buried in skin of head. Esca a large bulb perched on snout. Distal appendage absent or short. Posterior appendage very short with some filaments depending on size. Hyoid barbel absent. Pectoral fin small and inserted high on body beyond midpoint. Dorsal and anal fins far back near caudal fin base. Caudal fin has simple and branched rays. Skin completely smooth (lacks spinules, bristles, or bucklers). Vent on left side of body (unique to family).

Males: tiny and parasitic (females can have multiple attachments). Body elongated. Olfactory organs well developed. Barbels absent in adults. Jaw teeth absent in free living males.

Color

Body a ghostly translucent white with internal organs and bones visible through body wall. Eye black.

Size

Females range from 13-159mm SL. Males range from 8-15mm SL.

Habitat

Deep midwater mostly from 550-2000m.

Range

Known from Canadian waters to the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Also off eastern Brazil and in the central Atlantic. Known worldwide in all oceans.

References

Pietsch, T.W. 2009. Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deepsea. University of California Press. 557pp.