Styracura schmardae

Common Name

Chupare Stingray

Year Described

Werner, 1904

Identification

Disk almost perfectly rounded with a straight to convex frontal profile. Pectoral edges rounded. Snout equal or slightly shorter than interspiracular width. Eye small. Tail whip-like with a single spine located more than halfway down tail. Tail with lateral ridges. Dorsal finfold absent to vestigial. Ventral finfold weak and located posterior to spine. Body rough with denticles but no obvious rows or enlarged thorns.

Color

Dorsal surface of disk uniformly dark brown, yellowish brown, or dark gray. Ventrum pale white or yellowish.

Size

Maximum size to 120cm DW.

Habitat

Found in shallow coastal waters (<25m) near seagrass beds, mangrove lagoons, and sandy bottoms.

Range

S. Gulf of Mexico to French Guiana, including the Caribbean islands.

References

Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P., & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. 2016a. A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3): 345-368.

Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.). 2016b. Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.

Other Notes

This species is well divergent from typical Himantura and all other members of Dasyatidae, and is basal to the clade of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) (Last et al., 2016).